ОЦЕНКА МИГРАНТАМИ СЕБЯ В КАЧЕСТВЕ «МИШЕНЕЙ ДИСКРИМИНАЦИИ» КАК ФАКТОР ПРИНЯТИЯ ИМИ НАБЛЮДАЕМОГО ЭТНОЛУКИЗМА
В.А. Лабунская
EVALUATION OF THE MIGRANTS THEMSELVES AS "TARGETS OF DISCRIMINATION" AS A FACTOR IN THEIR ACCEPTANCE OF THE OBSERVED ETNOLOOKIZM
V.A. Labunskaya
Аннотация. Рассматривается проблема влияния субъективного опыта дискриминации, сформировавшегося у мигрантов, на принятие наблюдаемого дискриминационного поведения по отношению к представителям различных этно-культурных групп. Под принятием дискриминации различного рода понимается готовность человека или общества считать допустимым ущемление прав или негативное отношение к людям другой этнической группы. Так, предпочтение определенного типа внешности и дискриминация, например, работодателем людей с другим внешним обликом считаетсяпринятием этнолукизма. Для обозначения мигрантов, которые воспринимают себя в качестве объекта дискриминации, вводится понятие мишени дискриминации. Цель исследованиязаключалась в установлении различий в уровнях принятиянаблюдаемого дискриминационного поведенияДругогопо отношению к представителям этно-культурной группы с отличающимся типом внешности у мигрантов, считающих и не считающих себя мишенями дискриминации. В исследовании приняли участие 60 человек, ранее проживавших в республиках, входивших в состав СССР, среди них 39 женщин (65%) и 21 мужчина (35%) в возрасте от 17 до 45 лет. Методы исследования: специально разработанная анкета, на основе которой были выделены две группы респондентов: 40% – мигранты, считающие себя мишенями дискриминации, и 60% – мигранты, не считающие себя таковыми; опросник А.А. Бзезян, В.А. Лабунской «Диагностика уровня принятия дискриминационного поведения Другого, направленного на представителей этнокультурных групп в различных ситуациях взаимодействия» (ситуативная методика). Результаты исследования подтверждают предположение, что принятие наблюдаемого дискриминационного поведения, направленного на других людей, не столько зависит от гендера и возраста респондентов, сколько обусловлено тем, воспринимают ли респонденты себя в качестве мишеней дискриминации. Интегральный показатель принятия наблюдаемого этнолукизма оказался значимо выше в группе мигрантов, воспринимающих себя таким образом. Особенно значимыми являются различия в группах мигрантов, если дискриминационные действия осуществляются в ситуации «Совместное проживание», и если они направлены на женщин.
Ключевые слова: мигранты, мишень дискриминации, воспринимаемая дискриминация, субъективный опыт дискриминации, наблюдаемая дискриминация, этнолукизм, принятие дискриминации, ситуации дискриминации, внешний облик, гендер, возраст.
Summary.The problem of influence of the migrants’ subjective experience of discrimination on adoption of observed discrimination behavior concerning representatives of various ethno-cultural groups considered. Acceptance discrimination understood as the readiness of the person or society in hole to consider possible infringement of the rights or negative attitude to people of another ethnic group. So, the preference of some type of look and discrimination, for example, by the employer to the people with different look is considered the basis for acceptance of ethnolookizm. For designation of migrants who perceive themselves as subject to discrimination the concept of a target of discriminationentered. The research goal consisted in the establishment of differences in levels of adoption of observed discrimination behavior of Another, concerning representatives of the ethno-cultural group with another type of look, at the migrants who were considering and not considering themselves as discrimination targets. 60 people who were earlier living in the republics of former USSR among them there are 39 women (65%) and 21 men (35%) aged from 17 up to 45 years participated in the study. Research methods were: specially developed questionnaire from which two groups of respondents allocated: 40% – the migrants considering themselves by targets of discrimination and 60% – the migrants who are not finding themselves those; the questionnaire by A.A. Bzezyan, V.A. Labunskaya "Diagnostics of the level of adoption of the discrimination behavior of Another directed to representatives of ethno-cultural groups in various situations of interaction" (a situational technique). Results of research confirm the assumption that adoption of the observed discrimination behavior directed to other people not so much depends on gender and age of respondents how many it was caused by whether respondents perceived themselves as discrimination targets or not. The integrated indicator of acceptance of an observed ethnolookizmwas significantly above in group of the migrants perceiving themselves as the target of discrimination. The differences in the levels of acceptance of an observed ethnolookizm in groups of migrants were especially significant if discrimination actions were carried out in the situation "Cohabitation" and if they directed to women.
Keywords: migrants, target discrimination, perceived discrimination, discrimination, ethnolookizm, acceptance of discrimination, the situation of discrimination, appearance, gender, age.
Ключевые слова: мигранты, мишень дискриминации, воспринимаемая дискриминация, субъективный опыт дискриминации, наблюдаемая дискриминация, этнолукизм, принятие дискриминации, ситуации дискриминации, внешний облик, гендер, возраст.
Summary.The problem of influence of the migrants’ subjective experience of discrimination on adoption of observed discrimination behavior concerning representatives of various ethno-cultural groups considered. Acceptance discrimination understood as the readiness of the person or society in hole to consider possible infringement of the rights or negative attitude to people of another ethnic group. So, the preference of some type of look and discrimination, for example, by the employer to the people with different look is considered the basis for acceptance of ethnolookizm. For designation of migrants who perceive themselves as subject to discrimination the concept of a target of discriminationentered. The research goal consisted in the establishment of differences in levels of adoption of observed discrimination behavior of Another, concerning representatives of the ethno-cultural group with another type of look, at the migrants who were considering and not considering themselves as discrimination targets. 60 people who were earlier living in the republics of former USSR among them there are 39 women (65%) and 21 men (35%) aged from 17 up to 45 years participated in the study. Research methods were: specially developed questionnaire from which two groups of respondents allocated: 40% – the migrants considering themselves by targets of discrimination and 60% – the migrants who are not finding themselves those; the questionnaire by A.A. Bzezyan, V.A. Labunskaya "Diagnostics of the level of adoption of the discrimination behavior of Another directed to representatives of ethno-cultural groups in various situations of interaction" (a situational technique). Results of research confirm the assumption that adoption of the observed discrimination behavior directed to other people not so much depends on gender and age of respondents how many it was caused by whether respondents perceived themselves as discrimination targets or not. The integrated indicator of acceptance of an observed ethnolookizmwas significantly above in group of the migrants perceiving themselves as the target of discrimination. The differences in the levels of acceptance of an observed ethnolookizm in groups of migrants were especially significant if discrimination actions were carried out in the situation "Cohabitation" and if they directed to women.
Keywords: migrants, target discrimination, perceived discrimination, discrimination, ethnolookizm, acceptance of discrimination, the situation of discrimination, appearance, gender, age.